On the Study of History
History is a subject near and dear to my heart. I’ve always enjoyed it, and I majored in it in college. Hence, I’ve given quite a bit of thought to how best to approach and study it with my children. So far, I don’t feel that I’ve found an approach that seems ideal - and perhaps there isn’t one - but it is something I want to continue to ponder.
The neoclassical model has you go through all of history three times, each time delving deeper in and studying events in more depth. This approach has some merits, namely in how it gives the student a firm grounding in what is happening all over the world at the same chronological time period, and how it suits the child’s growing intellectual capacity by covering more in depth as the child becomes more capable. However, I have to wonder if the program would start to seem a little repetive if not carefully managed. It could also be a little hard to pull off when you’re trying to homeschool more than one or two children. (Although if you manage to have them all four years apart, you’d be set!)
The classical approach as outlined by Andrew Campell has you spend a great deal of time on American history and the history of the English speaking world’s contact with the rest of the world. There is also a great deal of study of the ancient Greek and Romans (as befits the name, I suppose!). I like this approach in that it isn’t quite so repetitive and also because it would give the student a very strong grounding in the origins of our society and the best our country’s history and present has to offer. It could also help a student understand our strengths and our limitations in our own actions and our interactions with the rest of the world. However, it also runs the risk of creating or perpetuating a rather myopic and US/English-centric view of the world. It seems like this could be tempered by a judicious use of first and second person accounts describing events from other perspectives, but even this could be rather limiting in that it doesn’t give much opportunity to show how those narrations fit into the overall history of that place. There are, of course, time limitations to take into consideration as well! I am also concerned that it could be easy to get too caught up in the emotions of an issue this way, and to give too much weight to one person’s account at the expense of the overall historical context and events. First person accounts are obviously extremely important, but if they are not tempered by the big picture they can end up being high in emotional content, but very low in analytical content.
In my college classes, we had the benefit of being much more narrowly focused on a particular period or even aspect of a period. This gave us the ability to use a few secondary sources as a spine along with our primary sources in an attempt to create some balance to what we were learning. The challenge in figuring out a primary school history education is the expectation that we’re supposed to somehow cover everything. This, of course, is impossible, so how do you best cover the scope of history around the globe so that your children don’t end up being blithering idiots, untethered from historical context and doomed to wallow in what C.S. Lewis described as “chronological snobbery”? It is quite an interesting question, and while I think the chances are slim that my children will end up blithering idiots in the historical knowledge and understanding department, I still would like to do the best job I can.
I came across this idea on Darwin’s blog for a new program he and some of his family have started. The Humanities Program, as they’ve named it, looks interesting and I’ve spent some time reading and thinking about their approach. One thing I like in particular is how they break up the historical periods. Darwin recently posted an interesting thought on his blog for the program, and I think it is a promising idea.
The general approach seems to be to do everything three times. So for instance, you go through world history one time each at a grammar, logic and rhetoric level.
Now, repetition is often good when learning things, but I wonder if this rule of three is actually the way to go. Part of me wonders if the logic stage would lend itself well to a number of 1-3 month intensive unit studies which dug into how exactly particular events or trends came to be, and what their results were. If you’ve already laid down a good chronological foundation in the grade 1-4 level, you should be able to do a lot of unit studies at the grade 5-8 level (and perhaps a year of strictly American History) and then come back at the high school level to put it all together with another four year run through world history, this time focusing on primary source material.
At this point my primary concern with this approach is regarding that chronological foundation that is created in first through forth grades. I’m concerned that if a student studies the ancients in age six in first grade, they aren’t going to be in a place to remember very much about it when it comes time to work on some unit studies when they are ten or twelve. I suppose they can always consult their timelines and do a little review (which will probably be necessary no matter how much or little time has elapsed) and then jump into the project… but even so, how much will they really be building off of that chronological foundation. Students who have younger siblings will have an advantage here, because they would be overhearing the four years over again and perhaps that could also help to keep the material fresh in their minds. I am also somewhat concerned about focusing on primary sources in the high school years, mainly because I’m not sure the student would have the ability to treat the primary sources with the distance and analytical nature primary sources require if they are not to be blown out of porportion. If they can read enough primary sources I think they might be in a good position to put together a good overall picture, but I’m concerned that they’d have trouble seeing the forest through the trees. If they are able to read enough though, it would be an excellent opportunity to practice their logic and rhetoric skills as they piece together a workable narrative.
This is something I plan on thinking about a great deal over the next year or so, and you will most likely be hearing more about it from my in the future!
Sarah on 26 May 2007 at 7:33 am #
Very interesting questions and ideas! I do find myself leaning toward’s Darwin’s incorporation of understanding the grammar, logic, and rhetoric stages as one approaches how best to teach history (or any other subject, for that matter). If you find a way to help your kids remember what they learn, wow, clue me in! I’m sad to say I’ve forgotten a lot of the history and science I learned, probably because it’s no longer information that I use every day.
I used to make lots of timelines, and we had them in various rooms and hallways of our home. I decorated mine with artwork - Egyptian pyramids, Mayan temples, mangers :), space shuttles, and so forth.
You know, the older I get, the more I realize how completely overwhelming the task of homeschooling must be.
Have you ever posted about what led you and Matt to the decision to homeschool? I’d be interested in hearing about that.
amber on 26 May 2007 at 10:22 am #
I sometimes wonder how possible it is to remember all that much about what we learn in our K-12 education, and if that is really the right goal in the first place. I’m coming to think the two most important aspects are assisting the child as they figure out what their passions are and what their vocation is and helping them develop and keep their natural curiousity about the world so that they can go forth and continue to learn (and want to learn!) as they go through life. If they learn how to learn well, communicate well, and pick up new materials they are interested in without being intimidated I think the parents have done a good job. If they also are able to remember a great deal of information about other parts of their studies that do not relate to their passions and vocation then that’s all the better - but by no means necessary!
I’m looking forward to making lots of timelines with the kids. There are places now where you can buy premade timelines, but that seems like you’d be missing 3/4 (7/8?) of the fun!
I was browsing through my archives this morning to see if I had written anything about why we homeschool… and while there are several posts where that is mentioned at least in part, I haven’t ever written one solely about that topic. I’ll think about it a bit and see if I can put together something cohesive in the next week or so.
Darwin on 31 May 2007 at 9:32 am #
I’d tend to agree with you that there’s a real limit on how much of your K-12 education you’re going to remember years afterwards. (One of the things that’s been interesting working on the Humanities Program has been rediscovering lots of things I forgot and hadn’t noticed the first time.)
I think a lot of what you can do, however, is train a good set of general impressions so that things you encounter later will fall into place.
So for instance, someone might not remember all of the Greek myths or medieval legends that he’d read years after the fact, but he should retain an idea of what the Greeks and Medievals were like. Not only does this help give you a better sense for what humans and their range of experience are, but it also helps improve your sense of “smell” for ideas later on.
As you run into references to “the Greeks” or “the middle ages” later on, you’ll have a basic understanding for whether the assertions being made about the culture are accurate, even if you might have to go look up the details in order to ground your reaction in specifics.
amber on 05 Jun 2007 at 2:30 pm #
Excellent point there - I think I had a vague notion of that but it helps to think about it explicitly in that fashion. I think that is something to really keep in mind too, as we go through these school years. I think it can be easy to get all caught up in the details without thinking about what we’re trying to impart for the long run.